Cloud Computing in the Financial Industry – A Road Paved with Security Pitfalls?

In the financial industry, Information Technology (IT) is an essential production factor, but also a major expense post. Because cloud computing promises to deliver IT services more flexibly and cost-efficiently, it potentially constitutes a “perfect match” for the financial sector. However, given the high degree of regulation, concerns regarding security and compliance requirements arise. In this work, we provide a detailed theoretical analysis of potential security problems in the context of cloud computing. This analysis is complemented by the initial results of an ongoing case study concerning the practical relevance of these problems in the financial industry. The analysis confirms that security issues pose notable obstacles for the adoption of cloud computing in practice, but also points to appropriate countermeasures

On the Relevance of Security Risks for Cloud Adoption in the Financial Industry

For financial institutions as “heavy users” of Information Technology (IT), the promises of cloud computing – most notably, increased flexibility and reduced provisioning cost – are tempting. However, moving data and applications from a confined internal IT infrastructure to an external, shared cloud poses multiple new security issues. This paper provides an assessment of the relevance of selected issues, based on interviews with 12 representatives of financial institutions. Our results indicate that despite technical advancement and legal arrangements, certain security issues are likely to remain important inhibitors for the adoption of cloud computing by financial institutions

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

QoS- and security-aware optimization of cloud collaborations

WHILE CLOUD MARKETS PROMISE UNLIMITED RESOURCE SUPPLIES, INDIVIDUAL PROVIDERS MIGHT BE UNABLE TO OFFER SUFFICIENT PHYSICAL CAPACITY TO SERVE LARGE CUSTOMERS. A SOLUTION IS TO FORM CLOUD COLLABORATIONS, IN WHICH MULTIPLE CLOUD PROVIDERS UNITE FORCES IN ORDER TO CONJOINTLY OFFER CAPACITIES WITHIN CLOUD MARKETS. QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) AND SECURITY ASPECTS ARE THE PRIMARY CONSIDERATIONS IN BUILDING SUCH COLLABORATIONS. THIS RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTS A CORRESPONDING OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR THE SELECTION OF COLLABORATIVE CLOUD PROVIDERS UNDER CONSIDERATION OF FULFILLMENT OF CLOUD USERS’ QOS AND SECURITY REQUIREMENTS

Security risks in cloud adoption – a study in the financial industry

WHILE CLOUD COMPUTING PROMISES COST SAVINGS, IT ALSO POSES A VARIETY OF POTEN TIAL SECURITY ISSUES. BASED ON INTERVIEWS WITH 12 EXPERTS FROM THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY, WE ASSESS THE PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF SELECTED SECURITY PROBLEMS FOR CLOUD ADOPTION IN THAT SECTOR